{"id":740778,"date":"2024-08-13T20:26:28","date_gmt":"2024-08-13T19:26:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=740778"},"modified":"2024-08-13T20:26:28","modified_gmt":"2024-08-13T19:26:28","slug":"%e7%94%a8%e4%ba%8e%e8%83%bd%e9%87%8f%e8%bd%ac%e6%8d%a2%e7%9a%84%e7%83%ad%e7%94%b5%e6%9d%90%e6%96%99","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/zh-hans\/%e7%94%a8%e4%ba%8e%e8%83%bd%e9%87%8f%e8%bd%ac%e6%8d%a2%e7%9a%84%e7%83%ad%e7%94%b5%e6%9d%90%e6%96%99\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7528\u4e8e\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u70ed\u7535\u6750\u6599"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">\u7528\u4e8e\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u70ed\u7535\u6750\u6599\uff1a\u70ed\u7535\u6750\u6599\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u70ed\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7535\u80fd\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u5176\u5e94\u7528\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u4ee5\u53ca\u672a\u6765\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u524d\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u7528\u4e8e\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u70ed\u7535\u6750\u6599.png\" alt=\"\u7528\u4e8e\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u70ed\u7535\u6750\u6599\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>\u7528\u4e8e\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u70ed\u7535\u6750\u6599<\/h2>\n<p>\u70ed\u7535\u6750\u6599\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u80fd\u591f\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u70ed\u80fd\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7535\u80fd\u7684\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6750\u6599\u5728\u80fd\u6e90\u8f6c\u6362\u548c\u8282\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u524d\u666f\u3002\u70ed\u7535\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u57fa\u4e8e\u585e\u8d1d\u514b\u6548\u5e94\u548c\u73c0\u5c14\u5e16\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u6548\u5e94\u4f7f\u5f97\u8fd9\u79cd\u6750\u6599\u5728\u6e29\u5dee\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u80fd\u591f\u4ea7\u751f\u7535\u52bf\u5dee\u6216\u5728\u7535\u6d41\u6d41\u8fc7\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\u6e29\u5dee\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u70ed\u7535\u6750\u6599\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406<\/h2>\n<p>\u70ed\u7535\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u6548\u5e94\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li>\u585e\u8d1d\u514b\u6548\u5e94 (Seebeck Effect)\uff1a\u5f53\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6750\u6599\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u6e29\u5dee\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6e29\u5dee\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7535\u5b50\u6216\u7a7a\u7a74\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u4e0d\u5747\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7535\u52bf\u5dee\u3002\u8bb0\u4f5c<br \/>\n    \\( V = -S \\Delta T \\)\u3002\u5176\u4e2d<br \/>\n    <i>V<\/i> \u662f\u7535\u538b\uff0c<i>S<\/i> \u662f\u585e\u8d1d\u514b\u7cfb\u6570\uff0c\\(\\Delta T\\) \u662f\u6e29\u5dee\u3002\n  <\/li>\n<li>\u73c0\u5c14\u5e16\u6548\u5e94 (Peltier Effect)\uff1a\u5f53\u7535\u6d41\u901a\u8fc7\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u6750\u6599\u7684\u754c\u9762\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u754c\u9762\u4f1a\u5438\u6536\u6216\u91ca\u653e\u70ed\u91cf\u3002\u70ed\u91cf\u7684\u91cf\u4e0e\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u7535\u6d41\u548c\u6750\u6599\u7684\u7279\u6027\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u8bb0\u4f5c<br \/>\n    \\( Q = \\Pi I \\)\u3002\u5176\u4e2d<br \/>\n    <i>Q<\/i> \u662f\u70ed\u91cf\uff0c<i>\\Pi<\/i> \u662f\u73c0\u5c14\u5e16\u7cfb\u6570\uff0c<i>I<\/i> \u662f\u7535\u6d41\u3002\n  <\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h2>\u70ed\u7535\u6548\u7387<\/h2>\n<p>\u70ed\u7535\u6750\u6599\u7684\u6548\u7387\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u91cf\u7eb2\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u4f18\u503c (figure of merit)\uff0c\u8bb0\u4f5c<br \/>\n\\( ZT \\)\u3002\u5176\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><center><br \/>\n  \\( ZT = \\frac{S^2 \\sigma T}{\\kappa} \\)<br \/>\n<\/center><\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c<i>S<\/i> \u662f\u585e\u8d1d\u514b\u7cfb\u6570\uff0c\\(\\sigma\\) \u662f\u7535\u5bfc\u7387\uff0c<i>T<\/i> \u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u6e29\u5ea6\uff0c\\(\\kappa\\) \u662f\u70ed\u5bfc\u7387\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u70ed\u7535\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u9009\u62e9\u9ad8\u585e\u8d1d\u514b\u7cfb\u6570\u3001\u9ad8\u7535\u5bfc\u7387\u548c\u4f4e\u70ed\u5bfc\u7387\u7684\u6750\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u70ed\u7535\u6750\u6599<\/h2>\n<p><o1><\/p>\n<li>\u94cb\u9511\u78b2 (Bi<sub>2<\/sub>Te<sub>3<\/sub>)\uff1a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u4f4e\u6e29\u73af\u5883 (\u5ba4\u6e29\u5de6\u53f3)\uff0c\u5176\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u9ad8\u585e\u8d1d\u514b\u7cfb\u6570\u548c\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u70ed\u5bfc\u7387\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u94c5\u78b2 (PbTe)\uff1a\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e2d\u9ad8\u6e29\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4f18\u826f\u7684\u70ed\u7535\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7845\u9517 (SiGe)\uff1a\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u9ad8\u6e29\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5982\u822a\u5929\u5668\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u7089\u3002<\/li>\n<p><\/o1><\/p>\n<h2>\u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df<\/h2>\n<p>\u70ed\u7535\u6750\u6599\u5177\u6709\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f46\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li>\u70ed\u7535\u53d1\u7535\uff1a\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u5e9f\u70ed\u56de\u6536\u3001\u6c7d\u8f66\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u5c3e\u6c14\u70ed\u80fd\u56de\u6536\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u524d\u666f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u70ed\u7535\u5236\u51b7\uff1a\u5c0f\u578b\u5236\u51b7\u5668\u548c\u7535\u5b50\u5143\u4ef6\u6563\u70ed\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<p>\u968f\u7740\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u70ed\u7535\u6750\u6599\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u5c06\u4f1a\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u80fd\u6e90\u8f6c\u6362\u548c\u8282\u80fd\u73af\u4fdd\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\u5c06\u4f1a\u88ab\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6316\u6398\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7528\u4e8e\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u70ed\u7535\u6750\u6599\uff1a\u70ed\u7535\u6750\u6599\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u70ed\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7535\u80fd\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u5176\u5e94\u7528\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u4ee5\u53ca\u672a\u6765\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u524d\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[134],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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