{"id":740817,"date":"2024-11-06T10:10:12","date_gmt":"2024-11-06T09:10:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=740817"},"modified":"2024-11-06T10:10:12","modified_gmt":"2024-11-06T09:10:12","slug":"%e5%8c%96%e5%ad%a6%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e5%90%89%e5%b8%83%e6%96%af%e8%87%aa%e7%94%b1%e8%83%bd%e5%ba%94%e7%94%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/zh-hans\/%e5%8c%96%e5%ad%a6%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e5%90%89%e5%b8%83%e6%96%af%e8%87%aa%e7%94%b1%e8%83%bd%e5%ba%94%e7%94%a8\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5316\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u5409\u5e03\u65af\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u5e94\u7528"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">\u5316\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u5409\u5e03\u65af\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u5e94\u7528\uff1a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5409\u5e03\u65af\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6982\u5ff5\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u3001\u81ea\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u53ca\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5316\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u5409\u5e03\u65af\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u5e94\u7528.png\" alt=\"\u5316\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u5409\u5e03\u65af\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u5e94\u7528\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>\u5316\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u5409\u5e03\u65af\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u5e94\u7528<\/h2>\n<p>\u5409\u5e03\u65af\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\uff08Gibbs Free Energy\uff09\u662f\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u9884\u6d4b\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u548c\u5e73\u8861\u70b9\u3002\u5409\u5e03\u65af\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u7531\u7f8e\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7ea6\u897f\u4e9a\u00b7\u5409\u5e03\u65af\uff08Josiah Willard Gibbs\uff09\u5f15\u5165\uff0c\u5176\u516c\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>G = H &#8211; T*S<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>G \u4ee3\u8868\u5409\u5e03\u65af\u81ea\u7531\u80fd<\/li>\n<li>H \u4ee3\u8868\u7113\uff08\u603b\u80fd\u91cf\uff09<\/li>\n<li>T \u4ee3\u8868\u7edd\u5bf9\u6e29\u5ea6\uff08\u4ee5\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\uff09<\/li>\n<li>S \u4ee3\u8868\u71b5\uff08\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u65e0\u5e8f\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u5409\u5e03\u65af\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u5316\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5409\u5e03\u65af\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a<\/p>\n<h3>1. \u5224\u65ad\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u81ea\u53d1\u6027<\/h3>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u5409\u5e03\u65af\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u53d8\u5316\uff08\u0394G\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5224\u65ad\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u5426\u81ea\u53d1\u8fdb\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5982\u679c \u0394G &lt; 0\uff0c\u5219\u53cd\u5e94\u81ea\u53d1\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c \u0394G &gt; 0\uff0c\u5219\u53cd\u5e94\u4e0d\u81ea\u53d1\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c \u0394G = 0\uff0c\u5219\u53cd\u5e94\u5904\u4e8e\u5e73\u8861\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2. \u6c42\u5316\u5b66\u5e73\u8861\u5e38\u6570<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u5316\u5b66\u5e73\u8861\u4e2d\uff0c\u5409\u5e03\u65af\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u4e0e\u5e73\u8861\u5e38\u6570\uff08K\uff09\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u516c\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u6362\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u0394G = -RT ln(K)<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d R \u662f\u6c14\u4f53\u5e38\u6570\uff08\u7ea6\u4e3a8.314 J\/(mol*K)\uff09\uff0cT \u4e3a\u7edd\u5bf9\u6e29\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u5f53\u5409\u5e03\u65af\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u53d8\u5316\u8f83\u5c0f\u6216\u4e3a\u8d1f\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u5e73\u8861\u5e38\u6570K\u4f1a\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u66f4\u591a\u751f\u6210\u4ea7\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>3. \u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5faa\u73af<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5faa\u73af\uff08\u5982\u5361\u8bfa\u5faa\u73af\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u5409\u5e03\u65af\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc4\u4f30\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u548c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9006\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5409\u5e03\u65af\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5e94\u7b49\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u505a\u529f\u548c\u5438\u6536\u70ed\u91cf\u7684\u603b\u548c\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/h2>\n<p>\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u5b9e\u4f8b\u6765\u770b\u770b\u5982\u4f55\u5e94\u7528\u5409\u5e03\u65af\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a<\/li>\n<li>\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\uff1aA + B -> \u751f\u6210\u7269\uff1aC + D <\/li>\n<li>\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u7113\u53d8\uff08\u0394H\uff09\u662f -200 kJ\/mol\uff0c\u71b5\u53d8\uff08\u0394S\uff09\u662f -100 J\/(mol*K)\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6e29\u5ea6\uff08T\uff09\u4e3a 298 K\uff0825\u00b0C\uff09\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u516c\u5f0f G = H &#8211; T*S\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u8be5\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u5409\u5e03\u65af\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u53d8\u5316\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u0394G = \u0394H &#8211; T * \u0394S = (-200,000 J\/mol) &#8211; (298 K * -100 J\/(mol*K)) = -200,000 J\/mol + 29,800 J\/mol = -170,200 J\/mol<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u8be5\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u0394G\u4e3a\u8d1f\u503c\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u8be5\u53cd\u5e94\u572825\u00b0C\u4e0b\u662f\u81ea\u53d1\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n<p>\u5409\u5e03\u65af\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u662f\u5316\u5b66\u548c\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5b83\u5e2e\u52a9\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u7406\u89e3\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6f14\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u5229\u7528\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5e94\u7528\u5409\u5e03\u65af\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u6d4b\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u5316\u5b66\u5e73\u8861\u5e38\u6570\u548c\u8bc4\u4f30\u53cd\u5e94\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u5730\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u5404\u4e2a\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5316\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u5409\u5e03\u65af\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u5e94\u7528\uff1a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5409\u5e03\u65af\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6982\u5ff5\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u3001\u81ea\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u53ca\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[134],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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