{"id":740931,"date":"2024-08-13T14:55:41","date_gmt":"2024-08-13T13:55:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=740931"},"modified":"2024-08-13T14:55:41","modified_gmt":"2024-08-13T13:55:41","slug":"%e7%94%b5%e8%a7%a3%e8%b4%a8%e6%ba%b6%e6%b6%b2%e7%9a%84%e7%83%ad%e5%8a%9b%e5%ad%a6%e5%8e%9f%e7%90%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/zh-hans\/%e7%94%b5%e8%a7%a3%e8%b4%a8%e6%ba%b6%e6%b6%b2%e7%9a%84%e7%83%ad%e5%8a%9b%e5%ad%a6%e5%8e%9f%e7%90%86\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u539f\u7406"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u53d8\u5316\u548c\u5e73\u8861\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8be6\u89e3\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u5176\u5728\u70ed\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4e0e\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u539f\u7406.png\" alt=\"\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u539f\u7406\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u539f\u7406<\/h2>\n<p>\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u6eb6\u6db2\u6d89\u53ca\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\uff08\u5982\u76d0\u3001\u9178\u3001\u78b1\uff09\u6eb6\u89e3\u5728\u6eb6\u5242\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6c34\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u6eb6\u6db2\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u6eb6\u89e3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u6eb6\u6db2\u6027\u8d28\u5bf9\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5<\/h2>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li><strong>\u7535\u89e3\u8d28<\/strong>\uff1a\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u6c34\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u6eb6\u5242\u4e2d\u89e3\u79bb\u6210\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u975e\u7535\u89e3\u8d28<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e0d\u89e3\u79bb\u6210\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e00\u5b9a\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e0b\uff0c\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u80fd\u6eb6\u89e3\u5728\u6eb6\u5242\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h2>\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u91cf<\/h2>\n<h3>\u5409\u5e03\u65af\u81ea\u7531\u80fd(Gibbs Free Energy)<\/h3>\n<p>\u5409\u5e03\u65af\u81ea\u7531\u80fd(G)\u7528\u6765\u9884\u6d4b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u81ea\u53d1\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u6eb6\u6db2\uff0c\u5176\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>G = H &#8211; T*S<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li>G \u662f\u5409\u5e03\u65af\u81ea\u7531\u80fd<\/li>\n<li>H \u662f\u7113(Enthalpy)<\/li>\n<li>T \u662f\u6e29\u5ea6<\/li>\n<li>S \u662f\u71b5(Entropy)<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h3>\u5316\u5b66\u52bf(Chemical Potential)<\/h3>\n<p>\u5316\u5b66\u52bf(\u03bc) \u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u67d0\u6210\u5206\u7684\u5409\u5e03\u65af\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u968f\u8be5\u6210\u5206\u6570\u91cf\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7406\u60f3\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u6eb6\u6db2\uff0c\u5176\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u03bc_i = \u03bc_i^0 + RT ln(a_i)<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li>\u03bc_i \u662f\u6210\u5206 i \u7684\u5316\u5b66\u52bf<\/li>\n<li>\u03bc_i^0 \u662f\u6807\u51c6\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u52bf<\/li>\n<li>R \u662f\u6c14\u4f53\u5e38\u6570<\/li>\n<li>T \u662f\u6e29\u5ea6<\/li>\n<li>a_i \u662f\u6210\u5206 i \u7684\u6d3b\u5ea6<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h2>\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u6d3b\u5ea6\u7cfb\u6570<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u4e2d\uff0c\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u6eb6\u6db2\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u662f\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5f15\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fee\u6b63\u56e0\u5b50\uff0c\u5373\u6d3b\u5ea6\u7cfb\u6570(\u03b3)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6d3b\u5ea6(a) \u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>a = \u03b3 *c<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li>\u03b3 \u662f\u6d3b\u5ea6\u7cfb\u6570<\/li>\n<li>c \u662f\u6d53\u5ea6<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h2>\u5fb7\u62dc-\u4f11\u514b\u5c14\u65b9\u7a0b<\/h2>\n<p>\u5fb7\u62dc-\u4f11\u514b\u5c14\u65b9\u7a0b\u7528\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u7a00\u8584\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u6d3b\u5ea6\u7cfb\u6570\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>-log(\u03b3_i) = \\(\\frac{A z_i^2 \\sqrt{I}}{1 + B a_i \\sqrt{I}}\\)<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li>\u03b3_i \u662f\u79bb\u5b50 i \u7684\u6d3b\u5ea6\u7cfb\u6570<\/li>\n<li>A \u548c B \u662f\u5fb7\u62dc-\u4f11\u514b\u5c14\u5e38\u6570<\/li>\n<li>z_i \u662f\u79bb\u5b50\u8377\u6570<\/li>\n<li>I \u662f\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u5f3a\u5ea6<\/li>\n<li>a_i \u662f\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u6709\u6548\u76f4\u5f84<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h2>\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5316\u5de5\u3001\u6750\u6599\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u751f\u7269\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u73af\u5883\u5de5\u7a0b\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u76d0\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u548c\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8c03\u63a7\u53cd\u5e94\u6761\u4ef6\u3001\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ea7\u7387\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff1b\u5728\u533b\u5b66\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u6eb6\u6db2\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7528\u4e8e\u5236\u5907\u751f\u7406\u76d0\u6c34\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u533b\u7597\u6eb6\u6db2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u6eb6\u6db2\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u8c03\u63a7\u6eb6\u6db2\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u5404\u7c7b\u5de5\u7a0b\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u53d8\u5316\u548c\u5e73\u8861\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8be6\u89e3\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u5176\u5728\u70ed\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4e0e\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[134],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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