{"id":742217,"date":"2024-08-16T23:19:25","date_gmt":"2024-08-16T22:19:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=742217"},"modified":"2024-08-16T23:19:25","modified_gmt":"2024-08-16T22:19:25","slug":"%e7%9b%b8%e5%b9%b3%e8%a1%a1%e7%9a%84%e7%83%ad%e5%8a%9b%e5%ad%a6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/zh-hans\/%e7%9b%b8%e5%b9%b3%e8%a1%a1%e7%9a%84%e7%83%ad%e5%8a%9b%e5%ad%a6\/","title":{"rendered":"\u76f8\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">\u76f8\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\uff1a\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u591a\u76f8\u7269\u8d28\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5e73\u8861\u4e0b\u5171\u5b58\uff0c\u5e76\u63a2\u8ba8\u6e29\u5ea6\u3001\u538b\u529b\u5bf9\u76f8\u53d8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u9002\u5408\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u548c\u7231\u597d\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u76f8\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66.png\" alt=\"\u76f8\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>\u76f8\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f8\u5e73\u8861\u662f\u6307\u5904\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u76f8\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u56fa\u4f53\u3001\u6db2\u4f53\u548c\u6c14\u4f53\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u5404\u76f8\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\u4f20\u9012\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u76f8\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u5316\u5de5\u3001\u6750\u6599\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u6709\u7740\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5<\/h2>\n<p>\u76f8\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li><b>\u76f8\uff08Phase\uff09\uff1a<\/b>\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u5747\u5300\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5176\u7269\u7406\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6c34\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u51b0\u3001\u6db2\u6001\u6c34\u548c\u6c34\u84b8\u6c14\u4e09\u79cd\u76f8\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/li>\n<li><b>\u7ec4\u5206\uff08Component\uff09\uff1a<\/b>\u53c2\u4e0e\u76f8\u53d8\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u6c34\u548c\u76d0\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u4e2d\uff0c\u6c34\u548c\u76d0\u662f\u4e24\u79cd\u7ec4\u5206\u3002<\/li>\n<li><b>\u76f8\u5f8b\uff08Gibbs Phase Rule\uff09\uff1a<\/b>\u7528\u4e8e\u786e\u5b9a\u76f8\u5e73\u8861\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u6570\u516c\u5f0f\u3002\u7531\u5a01\u62c9\u5fb7\u00b7\u5409\u5e03\u65af\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5176\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1aF = C &#8211; P + 2<\/li>\n<li><b>\u5e73\u8861\u6001\uff1a<\/b>\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u6e29\u5ea6\u3001\u538b\u529b\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u52bf\u7b49\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h2>\u76f8\u56fe<\/h2>\n<p>\u76f8\u56fe\u662f\u63cf\u8ff0\u7269\u8d28\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u76f8\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u56fe\u8868\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u76f8\u56fe\u5305\u62ecP-T\uff08\u538b\u5f3a-\u6e29\u5ea6\uff09\u56fe\u548c T-x\uff08\u6e29\u5ea6-\u6210\u5206\uff09\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li><b>\u5355\u7ec4\u5206\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1a<\/b>\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u79cd\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5728P-T\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u70b9\u5305\u62ec\u4e09\u76f8\u70b9\uff08\u4e09\u4e2a\u76f8\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u70b9\uff09\u548c\u4e34\u754c\u70b9\uff08\u6db2\u76f8\u548c\u6c14\u76f8\u6027\u8d28\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u70b9\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li><b>\u591a\u7ec4\u5206\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1a<\/b>\u5305\u542b\u591a\u79cd\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u76f8\u56fe\u8f83\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e8c\u5143\u7cfb\u76f8\u56fe\u53ef\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e24\u79cd\u7ec4\u5206\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e0b\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u3002<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h2>\u514b\u52b3\u4fee\u65af-\u514b\u62c9\u8d1d\u9f99\u65b9\u7a0b<\/h2>\n<p>\u514b\u52b3\u4fee\u65af-\u514b\u62c9\u8d1d\u9f99\u65b9\u7a0b\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u76f8\u53d8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u538b\u5f3a\u548c\u6e29\u5ea6\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u5143\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u76f8\u53d8\u7684\u538b\u5f3a\u548c\u6e29\u5ea6\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u4e0b\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>$$\\frac{dP}{dT} = \\frac{L}{T(V_2 - V_1)}$$<\/pre>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li>P \u662f\u538b\u5f3a<\/li>\n<li>T \u662f\u6e29\u5ea6<\/li>\n<li>L \u662f\u6f5c\u70ed<\/li>\n<li>V<sub>1<\/sub> \u548c V<sub>2<\/sub> \u662f\u76f8\u53d8\u524d\u540e\u4e24\u76f8\u7684\u6469\u5c14\u4f53\u79ef<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h2>\u71b5\u53d8\u548c\u5409\u5e03\u65af\u81ea\u7531\u80fd<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u76f8\u5e73\u8861\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\uff0c\u71b5\u53d8\u548c\u5409\u5e03\u65af\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u4e5f\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u76f8\u53d8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u71b5\u53d8 \u0394S \u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u6f5c\u70ed L \u4e0e\u6e29\u5ea6 T \u7684\u6bd4\u503c\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>$$\\Delta S = \\frac{L}{T}$$<\/pre>\n<p>\u5409\u5e03\u65af\u81ea\u7531\u80fd G \u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5219\u4e0e\u76f8\u5e73\u8861\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u5728\u76f8\u5e73\u8861\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5404\u76f8\u7684\u5409\u5e03\u65af\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u76f8\u7b49\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>$$G_1 = G_2$$<\/pre>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u5409\u5e03\u65af\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5224\u65ad\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u5426\u8fbe\u5230\u76f8\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9884\u6d4b\u4e0d\u540c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u76f8\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7ed3\u8bba<\/h2>\n<p>\u76f8\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u7269\u8d28\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u76f8\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u53d8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u5728\u6750\u6599\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u5316\u5de5\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u76f8\u56fe\u3001\u514b\u52b3\u4fee\u65af-\u514b\u62c9\u8d1d\u9f99\u65b9\u7a0b\u548c\u5409\u5e03\u65af\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u7b49\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u638c\u63e1\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u76f8\u5e73\u8861\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u76f8\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\uff1a\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u591a\u76f8\u7269\u8d28\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5e73\u8861\u4e0b\u5171\u5b58\uff0c\u5e76\u63a2\u8ba8\u6e29\u5ea6\u3001\u538b\u529b\u5bf9\u76f8\u53d8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u9002\u5408\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u548c\u7231\u597d\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[134],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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