{"id":742445,"date":"2024-07-30T20:21:39","date_gmt":"2024-07-30T19:21:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=742445"},"modified":"2024-07-30T20:21:39","modified_gmt":"2024-07-30T19:21:39","slug":"%e5%90%88%e6%88%90%e7%87%83%e6%96%99%e7%94%9f%e4%ba%a7%e7%9a%84%e7%83%ad%e5%8a%9b%e5%ad%a6%e5%8e%9f%e7%90%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/zh-hans\/%e5%90%88%e6%88%90%e7%87%83%e6%96%99%e7%94%9f%e4%ba%a7%e7%9a%84%e7%83%ad%e5%8a%9b%e5%ad%a6%e5%8e%9f%e7%90%86\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5408\u6210\u71c3\u6599\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u539f\u7406"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">\u5408\u6210\u71c3\u6599\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u71c3\u6599\u5408\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u70ed\u80fd\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u548c\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u5408\u6210\u71c3\u6599\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u539f\u7406.png\" alt=\"\u5408\u6210\u71c3\u6599\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u539f\u7406\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>\u5408\u6210\u71c3\u6599\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u539f\u7406<\/h2>\n<p>\u5408\u6210\u71c3\u6599\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u548c\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4ece\u8d44\u6e90\uff08\u5982\u7164\u3001\u5929\u7136\u6c14\u6216\u751f\u7269\u8d28\uff09\u751f\u4ea7\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u71c3\u6599\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u71c3\u6599\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u6d89\u53ca\u591a\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u539f\u6599\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3001\u53cd\u5e94\u70ed\u91cf\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ea7\u7269\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u548c\u7eaf\u5316\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u5408\u6210\u71c3\u6599\u751f\u4ea7\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u53cd\u5e94\u70ed\u91cf<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u5408\u6210\u71c3\u6599\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\u70ed\u91cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u53cd\u5e94\u70ed\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li>\u653e\u70ed\u53cd\u5e94\uff08exothermic reaction\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u5438\u70ed\u53cd\u5e94\uff08endothermic reaction\uff09<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<p>\u653e\u70ed\u53cd\u5e94\u91ca\u653e\u70ed\u91cf\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u73af\u5883\u6e29\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7164\u6c14\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>C + O<sub>2<\/sub> \u2192 CO<sub>2<\/sub> + \u70ed\u91cf<\/p>\n<p>\u5438\u70ed\u53cd\u5e94\u9700\u8981\u5438\u6536\u70ed\u91cf\u624d\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7532\u70f7\u91cd\u6574\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>CH<sub>4<\/sub> + H<sub>2<\/sub>O + \u70ed\u91cf \u2192 CO + 3H<sub>2<\/sub><\/p>\n<h2>\u5409\u5e03\u65af\u81ea\u7531\u80fd<\/h2>\n<p>\u5409\u5e03\u65af\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\uff08Gibbs Free Energy, \u0394G\uff09\u662f\u5224\u65ad\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u5426\u81ea\u53d1\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5b83\u7531\u4ee5\u4e0b\u516c\u5f0f\u786e\u5b9a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\\( \\Delta G = \\Delta H &#8211; T \\Delta S \\)<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li>\\( \\Delta H \\) \u662f\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u7113\u53d8\uff08enthalpy change\uff09\uff0c<\/li>\n<li>\\( T \\) \u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u6e29\u5ea6\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u4e3a\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\uff08K\uff09\uff0c<\/li>\n<li>\\( \\Delta S \\) \u662f\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u71b5\u53d8\uff08entropy change\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<p>\u5f53 \\( \\Delta G < 0 \\) \u65f6\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u81ea\u53d1\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u5219\u5728\u5408\u6210\u71c3\u6599\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u8d77\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u5361\u8bfa\u5faa\u73af<\/h2>\n<p>\u5361\u8bfa\u5faa\u73af\u662f\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ed\u673a\u6548\u7387\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5b83\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u70ed\u80fd\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u673a\u68b0\u80fd\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6548\u7387\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u5408\u6210\u71c3\u6599\u751f\u4ea7\u4e2d\u7684\u70ed\u6548\u7387\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5361\u8bfa\u6548\u7387\u7531\u4ee5\u4e0b\u516c\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\\( \\eta = 1 &#8211; \\frac{T_{cold}}{T_{hot}} \\)<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li>\\( T_{cold} \\) \u662f\u5e9f\u70ed\u6392\u653e\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\uff0c<\/li>\n<li>\\{ T_{hot} } \u662f\u70ed\u6e90\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u3002<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h2>\u80fd\u91cf\u5b88\u6052\u548c\u6548\u7387<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u6240\u6709\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u5b88\u6052\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\u3002\u8f93\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u5fc5\u987b\u7b49\u4e8e\u8f93\u51fa\u80fd\u91cf\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u80fd\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u5408\u6210\u71c3\u6599\u751f\u4ea7\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><o1><\/p>\n<li>\u53cd\u5e94\u6240\u9700\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u8f93\u5165\uff08\u5982\u52a0\u70ed\u6216\u52a0\u538b\uff09\uff0c<\/li>\n<li>\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u71c3\u6599\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c<\/li>\n<li>\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u70ed\u635f\u5931\u3002<\/li>\n<p><\/o1><\/p>\n<p>\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u6548\u7387\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u51cf\u5c11\u80fd\u91cf\u6d6a\u8d39\uff0c\u4f7f\u66f4\u591a\u8f93\u5165\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6709\u7528\u7684\u71c3\u6599\u4ea7\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7ed3\u8bba<\/h2>\n<p>\u5408\u6210\u71c3\u6599\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4ece\u53cd\u5e94\u70ed\u91cf\u7ba1\u7406\u5230\u5409\u5e03\u65af\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u5361\u8bfa\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u6548\u7387\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u5408\u6210\u71c3\u6599\u751f\u4ea7\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5408\u6210\u71c3\u6599\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u71c3\u6599\u5408\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u70ed\u80fd\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u548c\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[134],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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