Learn about cryogenic storage tanks, essential for storing LNG and other gases at ultra-low temperatures in various industries.
Understanding Cryogenic Storage Tanks
Cryogenic storage tanks are essential components in various industries, including space, medical, and energy sectors, particularly for storing liquefied natural gas (LNG) and other gases like nitrogen, oxygen, and argon at extremely low temperatures. These types of tanks are designed to safely store gas in liquid form at temperatures typically below -150°C (-238°F). Here’s a look at eight primary types of cryogenic storage tanks, each serving specific storage needs and operational conditions.
1. Flat Bottom Tanks (FBT)
Flat bottom tanks are the most common type of cryogenic storage tanks used for large volume storage. They are typically cylindrical in shape with a flat bottom and can hold up to several million gallons of liquid. These tanks are mainly used for storing LNG and other liquids like liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen.
2. Horizontal Tanks
Horizontal tanks are another type of cryogenic vessel designed for smaller storage requirements. Compared to vertical tanks, they occupy more ground space and are easier to maintain at lower pressures, making them suitable for mobile applications or smaller facilities.
3. Vacuum Insulated Tanks
Vacuum insulated tanks are designed with a vacuum space between two walls to significantly reduce heat transfer into the stored liquid, thereby minimizing evaporation. These are typically used for medium-volume storage and are common in hospitals and laboratories for storing liquid nitrogen and oxygen.
4. Spherical Storage Tanks
Spherical storage tanks are known for their high-pressure resistance and are generally used when the storage capacity ranges from a few hundred cubic meters to thousands. Their shape allows for uniform distribution of stress and pressure, making them highly efficient for storing highly pressurized liquids.
5. Perlite Insulated Tanks
These tanks use perlite, a form of naturally occurring volcanic glass, as an insulating material between the inner and outer tank walls. Perlite insulated tanks are suitable for large scale storage needs, offering good thermal resistance and reduced evaporation rates.
6. Composite Insulated Tanks
Composite insulated tanks utilize a combination of materials, usually including a rigid foam core between inner and outer metal walls. This type of insulation provides superior thermal performance and mechanical strength, suitable for both ground and transportable storage needs.
7. Double Wall Tanks
Double wall tanks consist of an inner and outer tank with an insulated space in between. These are often vacuum insulated and are designed to offer additional safety by preventing leaks and protecting the liquid from external elements.
8. High-Pressure Cryogenic Tanks
Designed to withstand extremely high pressures, these tanks are typically used to store gases that remain gaseous at cryogenic temperatures, such as hydrogen and helium. The robust design allows for safe storage at pressures significantly higher than atmospheric pressure.
Conclusion
Cryogenic storage tanks play a pivotal role in various applications and industries, providing efficient solutions for the storage of LNG and other gases necessary for daily operations and critical endeavors. Each type of tank is designed to meet specific conditions and regulatory requirements, ensuring the safe and efficient storage of cryogenic liquids and gases. Understanding the functionalities and applications of these tanks helps in selecting the right storage solution based on needs and scale of operation.