Primary energy source (PE) is an energy resource found in nature that has not been subjected to any conversion or transformation process. Thermal Engineering
Primary Energy Sources
Key indicators for 1993, 2011 and prediction for 2020. Source: World Energy Resources – 2013 Survey Used by permission of the World Energy Council
Primary energy (PE) is an energy resource found in nature that has not been subjected to any conversion or transformation process. It is energy contained in raw fuels, and other forms of energy received as input to a system. Primary energy sources take many forms, including nuclear energy, fossil energy — like oil, coal and natural gas — and renewable sources like wind, solar, geothermal and hydropower. These primary sources can be converted to secondary energy source, so called energy carriers. Primary energy sources can be divided into:
Non-renewable sources
Fossil fuels
Oil
Coal
Natural gas
Mineral fuels
Natural Uranium
Natural Thorium
Renewable sources
Solar energy
Wind energy
Hydro and tidal energy
Geothermal energy
Biomass energy (if sustainably exploited)
Total Primary Energy Supply by resource 1993, 2011 and prediction for 2020. Source: World Energy Resources – 2013 Survey Used by permission of the World Energy Council
References:
Reactor Physics and Thermal Hydraulics:
J. R. Lamarsh, Introduction to Nuclear Reactor Theory, 2nd ed., Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA (1983).
J. R. Lamarsh, A. J. Baratta, Introduction to Nuclear Engineering, 3d ed., Prentice-Hall, 2001, ISBN: 0-201-82498-1.
W. M. Stacey, Nuclear Reactor Physics, John Wiley & Sons, 2001, ISBN: 0- 471-39127-1.
Todreas Neil E., Kazimi Mujid S. Nuclear Systems Volume I: Thermal Hydraulic Fundamentals, Second Edition. CRC Press; 2 edition, 2012, ISBN: 978-0415802871
Zohuri B., McDaniel P. Thermodynamics in Nuclear Power Plant Systems. Springer; 2015, ISBN: 978-3-319-13419-2
Moran Michal J., Shapiro Howard N. Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, Fifth Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2006, ISBN: 978-0-470-03037-0
Kleinstreuer C. Modern Fluid Dynamics. Springer, 2010, ISBN 978-1-4020-8670-0.
U.S. Department of Energy, THERMODYNAMICS, HEAT TRANSFER, AND FLUID FLOW. DOE Fundamentals Handbook, Volume 1, 2 and 3. June 1992.
See also:
Energy
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