Learn about underfloor heating systems, including electric and hydronic options, and their benefits for home and commercial use.
Introduction to Underfloor Heating Systems
Underfloor heating systems are a form of central heating which achieves indoor climate control primarily for thermal comfort using conduction, radiation, and convection. The systems are broadly classified into two categories: electric underfloor heating and hydronic underfloor heating. Each type offers unique benefits and is suitable for different scenarios depending on factors like installation costs, heat distribution, and energy efficiency.
Types of Underfloor Heating Systems
Here, we explore four main types of underfloor heating systems that you might consider for residential or commercial buildings.
1. Electric Cable Systems
Electric cable heating systems, also known as electric wire heating, involve the installation of a series of wires beneath the floor surface. These systems convert electric energy into heat, which is then radiated upwards into the room. The main components include:
- Heating cables or wires
- Thermostat
- Insulation board (optional but recommended)
This type is particularly suitable for installation in renovations where raising the floor level slightly does not pose a major issue. It provides rapid heating response times and is easier to install compared to hydronic systems.
2. Electric Mat Systems
Electric mat systems function similarly to electric cable systems but consist of a pre-spaced cable that is attached to a mesh or a mat. This setup allows for easier and quicker installation. Key features include:
- Uniform heating
- Easy roll-out installation
- Minimal adjustments required on-site
These are ideal for larger areas and can be used under various types of floorings such as tile, stone, and laminate. They are also thin, which minimizes the increase in floor height.
3. Hydronic Systems (Wet Systems)
In hydronic underfloor heating systems, warm water is circulated through a series of pipes installed under the floor. This type of heating uses water heated by a boiler or a solar water heating system. The system includes:
- Pipes or tubing (typically made from polypropylene)
- Manifold
- Boiler or water heater
- Pump
Hydronic systems are more cost-effective to operate on a daily basis and are suitable for heating larger areas. They are often installed during the construction phase as they require a significant amount of space for the pipework.
4. In-Screed Cable Systems
In-screed cable systems involve embedding electric cables in a layer of screed (concrete, cement, or similar material). This type:
- Offers robust heating suitable for all floor finishes
- Provides storage heating capabilities
- Delivers a slow response time but has a lengthy warm retention
These systems are typically installed when the flooring itself is being laid and are especially suited for new constructions. The thick layer of screed provides excellent heating retention, making the system efficient and uniform in heat distribution throughout the area.
Conclusion
Choosing the right type of underfloor heating system depends largely on the specific needs of a project, including factors like budget, installation feasibility, and desired heating efficiency. Each system offers unique advantages and limitations, making it crucial to assess the requirements thoroughly before making a decision.