Advection is the transport of a substance by bulk motion. Advection is sometimes confused with the more encompassing process of convection. Thermal Engineering
Advection
In engineering, the term convective heat transfer is used to describe the combined effects of conduction and fluid flow. At this point, we have to add a new mechanism, which is known as advection (the transport of a substance by bulk motion). The properties that are carried with the advected substance are conserved properties such as energy, which is a commonly advected quantity. Advection is sometimes confused with the more encompassing process of convection, but convection includes energy transfer by both the bulk fluid motion (advection) and the random motion of fluid molecules (conduction or diffusion).
From the thermodynamic point of view, heat flows into a fluid by diffusion to increase its energy, the fluid then transfers (advects) this increased internal energy (not heat) from one location to another, and this is then followed by a second thermal interaction which transfers heat to a second body or system, again by diffusion. Advection requires currents in the fluid (as in a river or pipeline), and so cannot happen in rigid solids. It does not include transport of substances by molecular diffusion.
Advection Equation
The advection equation for a conserved quantity described by a scalar field ρ is expressed mathematically by a continuity equation:
∂⍴⁄∂t + ∇ . (⍴ ͞v) = σ
where
- ∇ . is divergence,
- ρ is the density of quantity q,
- ⍴ ͞v is the flux of quantity q,
- σ is the generation of q per unit volume per unit time. Terms that generate (σ > 0) or remove (σ < 0) q are referred to as a “sources” and “sinks” respectively. If q is a conserved quantity (such as energy), σ is equal to 0.
References:
Heat Transfer:
- Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, 7th Edition. Theodore L. Bergman, Adrienne S. Lavine, Frank P. Incropera. John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, 2011. ISBN: 9781118137253.
- Heat and Mass Transfer. Yunus A. Cengel. McGraw-Hill Education, 2011. ISBN: 9780071077866.
- U.S. Department of Energy, Thermodynamics, Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow. DOE Fundamentals Handbook, Volume 2 of 3. May 2016.
Nuclear and Reactor Physics:
- J. R. Lamarsh, Introduction to Nuclear Reactor Theory, 2nd ed., Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA (1983).
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- G.R.Keepin. Physics of Nuclear Kinetics. Addison-Wesley Pub. Co; 1st edition, 1965
- Robert Reed Burn, Introduction to Nuclear Reactor Operation, 1988.
- U.S. Department of Energy, Nuclear Physics and Reactor Theory. DOE Fundamentals Handbook, Volume 1 and 2. January 1993.
- Paul Reuss, Neutron Physics. EDP Sciences, 2008. ISBN: 978-2759800414.
Advanced Reactor Physics:
- K. O. Ott, W. A. Bezella, Introductory Nuclear Reactor Statics, American Nuclear Society, Revised edition (1989), 1989, ISBN: 0-894-48033-2.
- K. O. Ott, R. J. Neuhold, Introductory Nuclear Reactor Dynamics, American Nuclear Society, 1985, ISBN: 0-894-48029-4.
- D. L. Hetrick, Dynamics of Nuclear Reactors, American Nuclear Society, 1993, ISBN: 0-894-48453-2.
- E. E. Lewis, W. F. Miller, Computational Methods of Neutron Transport, American Nuclear Society, 1993, ISBN: 0-894-48452-4.
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